Homemade CNC router

This is a process using a computer-controlled milling machine (Computer Numerical Control) to cut, engrave, or shape materials such as wood, plastic, aluminum, and composites. Unlike 3D printing (which adds material), CNC machining is a cutting process (removing excess material). 2. Basic structure of a homemade CNC machine: Machine frame: Usually made of extruded aluminum, steel, or even hardwood (to save costs). Cutting unit (Spindle/Router): This is the high-speed rotating motor that holds the milling cutter. Motion system: Consists of a stepper motor, guide rails, and lead screw (or belt) to move the cutter along the X, Y, and Z axes. Controller: Usually uses Arduino (with GRBL), Mach3, or PlanetCNC to receive commands from the computer. 3. Operating procedure (3 steps): CAD: Draw the design on the computer (AutoCAD, Fusion 360). CAM: Convert the drawing into G-code (program toolpath). CNC: Load the G-code into the machine for automatic operation.